Lebl-Basic-Analysis-I · Problem 1.2.10

Real Numbers

Mathematics · supremum-infimum-algebra

Problem

Let AA and BB be two nonempty bounded sets of nonnegative real numbers. Define the set C:={ab:a∈A,b∈B}C := \{ab : a \in A, b \in B\}. Show that CC is a bounded set and that sup⁡C=(sup⁡A)(sup⁡B)andinf⁡C=(inf⁡A)(inf⁡B).\sup C = (\sup A)(\sup B) \qquad \text{and} \qquad \inf C = (\inf A)(\inf B).
Intuitive explanation

The key insight is that products of bounded nonnegative numbers stay bounded, and the supremum and infimum of products are determined by the suprema and infima of the factors. For the supremum, any element ab∈Cab \in C satisfies ab≤(sup⁡A)(sup⁡B)ab \leq (\sup A)(\sup B) because each factor is bounded above by its supremum. For the infimum, use a similar argument with lower bounds—the smallest possible product occurs when both factors are at their minimum. The main work is verifying these bounds are actually achieved (or approached) and that no smaller bounds work.

Intuitive explanation

The key insight is that products of bounded nonnegative numbers stay bounded, and the supremum and infimum of products are determined by the suprema and infima of the factors. For the supremum, any element ab∈Cab \in C satisfies ab≤(sup⁡A)(sup⁡B)ab \leq (\sup A)(\sup B) because each factor is bounded above by its supremum. For the infimum, use a similar argument with lower bounds—the smallest possible product occurs when both factors are at their minimum. The main work is verifying these bounds are actually achieved (or approached) and that no smaller bounds work.

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