Blundell Thermal Physics · Problem 11.2

Energy

Physics — Statistical Mechanics · heat-capacity-ratio-ideal-gas

Problem

Show that, for an ideal gas, RCV=γ−1(11.37)\frac{R}{C_V} = \gamma - 1 \tag{11.37} and RCp=γ−1γ,(11.38)\frac{R}{C_p} = \frac{\gamma - 1}{\gamma}, \tag{11.38} where CVC_V and CpC_p are the heat capacities per mole.
Intuitive explanation

The key is recognizing that γ=Cp/CV\gamma = C_p / C_V is defined by the ratio of heat capacities, and that the first law of thermodynamics gives you a direct relationship between them. For an ideal gas, Cp−CV=RC_p - C_V = R always holds—this comes from the work done during constant-pressure heating. Once you use this constraint along with the definition of γ\gamma, you can algebraically manipulate these two equations to isolate RR in terms of CVC_V and CpC_p, yielding both identities.

Intuitive explanation

The key is recognizing that γ=Cp/CV\gamma = C_p / C_V is defined by the ratio of heat capacities, and that the first law of thermodynamics gives you a direct relationship between them. For an ideal gas, Cp−CV=RC_p - C_V = R always holds—this comes from the work done during constant-pressure heating. Once you use this constraint along with the definition of γ\gamma, you can algebraically manipulate these two equations to isolate RR in terms of CVC_V and CpC_p, yielding both identities.

Related theory

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