Mathematics

Independence is the key insight here—it means the occurrence of one event tells you nothing about the other. When two events are independent, their joint probability is simply the product of their individual probabilities, so you don't need to worry about overlap or conditional effects. Just multiply $P(E)$ and $P(F)$ directly to find $P(E \cap F)$.

Independence is the key insight here—it means the occurrence of one event tells you nothing about the other. When two events are independent, their joint probability is simply the product of their individual probabilities, so you don't need to worry about overlap or conditional effects. Just multiply $P(E)$ and $P(F)$ directly to find $P(E \cap F)$.