16.-Linear-Algebra-by-Kenneth-Hoffman · Problem 5.4.1

Determinants

Mathematics — Linear Algebra · classical-adjoint-inverse

Problem

Use the classical adjoint formula to compute the inverses of each of the following 3×33 \times 3 real matrices. [−23260341−1],[cos⁡θ0−sin⁡θ010sin⁡θ0cos⁡θ]\begin{bmatrix} -2 & 3 & 2 \\ 6 & 0 & 3 \\ 4 & 1 & -1 \end{bmatrix}, \quad \begin{bmatrix} \cos\theta & 0 & -\sin\theta \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ \sin\theta & 0 & \cos\theta \end{bmatrix}
Intuitive explanation

The classical adjoint formula states that A−1=1det⁡(A)adj(A)A^{-1} = \frac{1}{\det(A)} \text{adj}(A), where the adjugate matrix is the transpose of the cofactor matrix. To find each inverse, you'll compute the determinant first (to check invertibility), then systematically find all nine cofactors by computing 2×22 \times 2 minors with appropriate signs, transpose that cofactor matrix, and scale by 1/det⁡(A)1/\det(A). The second matrix is a rotation, so expect its inverse to have a clean geometric form—notice how the structure suggests what the answer should look like before you compute.

Intuitive explanation

The classical adjoint formula states that A−1=1det⁡(A)adj(A)A^{-1} = \frac{1}{\det(A)} \text{adj}(A), where the adjugate matrix is the transpose of the cofactor matrix. To find each inverse, you'll compute the determinant first (to check invertibility), then systematically find all nine cofactors by computing 2×22 \times 2 minors with appropriate signs, transpose that cofactor matrix, and scale by 1/det⁡(A)1/\det(A). The second matrix is a rotation, so expect its inverse to have a clean geometric form—notice how the structure suggests what the answer should look like before you compute.

Related theory

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