In the resistance R, energy IR is dissipated per unit of the transmitted charge, regardless of the direction of current I. The generator transfers energy (EMF) E to the circuit per unit of charge passed through it, if the direction of the current coincides with the direction of the strength of external forces (the external force assigned to the unit of charge), and takes energy E if their directions are opposite. When a current passes through the generator, energy is also dissipated at its internal resistance. Using energy considerations, determine the potential difference in the sections of the circuits shown in the figure.
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