Introduction to Electrodynamics · Problem 10.14

Potentials and Fields — David J. Griffiths

Physics · quasistatic-approximation-biot-savart

Problem

Suppose the current density changes slowly enough that we can (to good approximation) ignore all higher derivatives in the Taylor expansion J(tr)=J(t)+(tr−t)J˙(t)+⋯\mathbf{J}(t_r) = \mathbf{J}(t) + (t_r - t)\dot{\mathbf{J}}(t) + \cdots (for clarity, I suppress the r\mathbf{r}-dependence, which is not at issue). Show that a fortuitous cancellation in Eq. 10.38 yields B(r,t)=μ04π∫J(r′,t)×i^i2 dτ′.\mathbf{B}(\mathbf{r},t) = \frac{\mu_0}{4\pi}\int \frac{\mathbf{J}(\mathbf{r}',t) \times \hat{\boldsymbol{i}}}{i^2}\,d\tau'. That is: the Biot-Savart law holds, with J\mathbf{J} evaluated at the non-retarded time. This means that the quasistatic approximation is actually much better than we had any right to expect: the two errors involved (neglecting retardation and dropping the second term in Eq. 10.38) cancel one another, to first order.

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