Let Z1,Z2,…,ZN describe a branching process in which each parent has j offspring with probability pj. Find the probability d that the process dies out if
(a) p0=1/2, p1=p2=0, and p3=1/2.
(b) p0=p1=p2=p3=1/4.
(c) p0=t, p1=1−2t, p2=0, and p3=t, where t≤1/2.