Water vapor at 110 °C is cooled until it becomes ice at –10 °C. Which statement correctly describes the overall energy change of the water (the system) during this sequence?
a) Net endothermic; heat must be absorbed from the surroundings to lower the water’s temperature and change its phases.
b) Overall energy change is zero because the heat released in the phase changes offsets the heat absorbed during the temperature decreases.
c) Net exothermic; the water releases heat during cooling, condensation, and freezing.
d) Net endothermic; breaking hydrogen bonds during the phase changes requires the system to take in energy.