1. a Crude oil is a mixture of *hydrocarbons* which belong to the *homologous series* called the *alkanes*. This mixture can be separated into fractions by the process of *fractional distillation*. Some of the fractions obtained are used as *fuels*. Some of the other fractions are subjected to *catalytic cracking* in order to make *alkenes*. Explain the meaning of the terms in italics.
2. b Alkanes can be converted into substances which are used as solvents. To do this the alkane is reacted with a halogen, such as chlorine, in the presence of ultraviolet light.
- Write a word and balanced chemical equation for the reaction between methane and chlorine.
- Name the type of reaction taking place.
- Highly reactive chlorine atoms are produced in the presence of ultraviolet light. When atoms are produced in this way, what are they called?
- Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction which takes place between CHF3 and Cl2 to produce a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC).
- Why are CFCs such a problem?
b. b Alkanes can be converted into substances which are used as solvents. To do this the alkane is reacted with a halogen, such as chlorine, in the presence of ultraviolet light.
- Write a word and balanced chemical equation for the reaction between methane and chlorine.
- Name the type of reaction taking place.
- Highly reactive chlorine atoms are produced in the presence of ultraviolet light. When atoms are produced in this way, what are they called?
- Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction which takes place between CHF3 and Cl2 to produce a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC).
- Why are CFCs such a problem?