Which statement best accounts for why using a calibrated pH meter rather than a single-color indicator generally produces a smaller absolute error in determining the equivalence volume of an acid–base titration?
a) A pH meter electronically logs the titrant volume, eliminating parallax and meniscus-reading errors common with a buret.
b) A pH meter permits the endpoint to be identified when the solution reaches pH=7.00, the equivalence point for all acid–base titrations.
c) A pH meter provides a continuous numerical reading of pH, allowing precise location of the inflection point instead of relying on human perception of a color change.
d) A pH meter’s electrode reading is unaffected by the solution’s ionic strength, making its endpoint determination inherently more accurate than that of an indicator.