Which of the following statements best describes a short circuit in an electric circuit?
a) Charges encounter a path of very high resistance, so the full battery emf appears across it and only a tiny current flows.
b) Charges follow a conducting path in which there is essentially no change in electric potential.
c) Charges cannot flow because the conducting path is interrupted.
d) Charges complete a loop that includes all intended components and experience the full battery potential difference.