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Mathematics
Problem
Which of the following correctly describes the equivalence class
[
a
]
[a]
[
a
]
of an element
a
a
a
in a set
A
A
A
with respect to an equivalence relation
R
R
R
on
A
A
A
? a)
[
a
]
=
{
x
∈
A
∣
x
R
x
}
[a]=\{x\in A\mid x\,R\,x\}
[
a
]
=
{
x
∈
A
∣
x
R
x
}
b)
[
a
]
=
{
x
∈
A
∣
x
R
a
,
x
≠
a
}
[a]=\{x\in A\mid x\,R\,a,\;x\neq a\}
[
a
]
=
{
x
∈
A
∣
x
R
a
,
x
=
a
}
c)
[
a
]
=
{
x
∈
A
∣
x
R
a
}
[a]=\{x\in A\mid x\,R\,a\}
[
a
]
=
{
x
∈
A
∣
x
R
a
}
d)
[
a
]
=
{
a
}
[a]=\{a\}
[
a
]
=
{
a
}
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