A 0.10\,kg apple hangs motionless from a tree branch. Earth pulls downward on the apple with a gravitational force of 0.98\,N. Which of the following is the corresponding force that forms the action–reaction pair with this gravitational force?
a) A 0.98N downward force exerted by the apple on the branch
b) A 0.98N upward gravitational force exerted by the apple on Earth
c) A 0.98N upward force exerted by the branch on the apple
d) A 0.10N downward gravitational force exerted by the apple on Earth