A uniform rod of mass M and length 2a lies along the interval [−a,a] of the x-axis and a particle of mass m is situated at the point x=x′. Find the gravitational force exerted by the rod on the particle.
Two uniform rods, each of mass M and length 2a, lie along the intervals [−a,a] and [b−a,b+a] of the x-axis, so that their centres are a distance b apart (b>2a). Find the gravitational forces that the rods exert upon each other.