In a 1.0-L flask at 500\,K the reaction CO(g)+H2O(g)⇌CO2(g)+H2(g) is at equilibrium with all four species present at 1.0 M. Three separate disturbances are made to identical flasks, producing conditions I–III.
• Disturbance I: [CO] is doubled to 2.0 M and [CO2] is halved to 0.50 M (others unchanged).
• Disturbance II: The volume is doubled to 2.0 L at constant T (no moles added or removed).
• Disturbance III: [H2O] is reduced to 0.50 M and [H2] is increased to 1.5 M (others unchanged).
Which ranking orders the disturbances from the strongest driving force toward products (rightward shift) to the strongest driving force toward reactants (leftward shift)?
a) II > I > III
b) I > III > II
c) I > II > III
d) III > II > I