General Relativity: An Introduction for Physicists · Problem 15.17

Cosmological models — Hobson, Efstathiou & Lasenby

Physics · dust-friedmann-closed-parametric-solution

Problem

For a dust-only Friedmann model with Ωm,0>1\Omega_{\mathrm{m},0} > 1, show that a=Ωm,02(Ωm,0−1)(1−cos⁡ψ),t=Ωm,02H0(Ωm,0−1)3/2(ψ−sin⁡ψ).a = \frac{\Omega_{\mathrm{m},0}}{2(\Omega_{\mathrm{m},0}-1)}(1-\cos\psi), \qquad t = \frac{\Omega_{\mathrm{m},0}}{2H_0(\Omega_{\mathrm{m},0}-1)^{3/2}}(\psi - \sin\psi). Hence show that the a(t)a(t)-curve has a maximum at amax⁡=Ωm,0Ωm,0−1,tmax⁡=π2H0Ωm,0(Ωm,0−1)3/2,a_{\max} = \frac{\Omega_{\mathrm{m},0}}{\Omega_{\mathrm{m},0}-1}, \qquad t_{\max} = \frac{\pi}{2H_0}\frac{\Omega_{\mathrm{m},0}}{(\Omega_{\mathrm{m},0}-1)^{3/2}}, and that the age t0t_0 of such a universe is given by t0=Ωm,02H0(Ωm,0−1)3/2[cos⁡−1 ⁣(2Ωm,0−1)−2Ωm,0Ωm,0−1]<23H0.t_0 = \frac{\Omega_{\mathrm{m},0}}{2H_0(\Omega_{\mathrm{m},0}-1)^{3/2}}\left[\cos^{-1}\!\left(\frac{2}{\Omega_{\mathrm{m},0}}-1\right) - \frac{2}{\Omega_{\mathrm{m},0}}\sqrt{\Omega_{\mathrm{m},0}-1}\right] < \frac{2}{3H_0}.

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