Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences · Problem 7.13

FUNCTIONS OF A COMPLEX VARIABLE — Mary Boas

Mathematics — Methods · sphere-electrostatic-potential-exterior

Problem

Find the electrostatic potential outside a conducting sphere of radius aa placed in an originally uniform electric field, and maintained at zero potential. HintHint: Let the original field E\mathbf{E} be in the negative zz direction so that E=−E0k\mathbf{E} = -E_0 \mathbf{k}. Then since E=−∇Φ\mathbf{E} = -\nabla\Phi, where Φ\Phi is the potential, we have Φ=E0z=E0rcos⁡θ\Phi = E_0 z = E_0 r\cos\theta (Verify this!) for the original potential. You then want a solution of Laplace's equation ∇2u=0\nabla^2 u = 0 which is zero at r=ar = a and becomes u∼Φu \sim \Phi for large rr (that is, far away from the sphere). Select the solutions of Laplace's equation in spherical coordinates which have the right θ\theta and ϕ\phi dependence (there are just two such solutions) and find the combination which reduces to zero for r=ar = a.

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