Blundell Thermal Physics · Problem 27.1

Cooling real gases

Physics — Statistical Mechanics · joule-expansion-general-relations

Problem

(a) Derive the following general relations (i) (∂T∂V)U=−1CV[T(∂p∂T)V−p]\left(\dfrac{\partial T}{\partial V}\right)_U = -\dfrac{1}{C_V}\left[T\left(\dfrac{\partial p}{\partial T}\right)_V - p\right], (ii) (∂T∂V)S=−1CVT(∂p∂T)V\left(\dfrac{\partial T}{\partial V}\right)_S = -\dfrac{1}{C_V}T\left(\dfrac{\partial p}{\partial T}\right)_V, (iii) (∂T∂p)H=1Cp[T(∂V∂T)p−V]\left(\dfrac{\partial T}{\partial p}\right)_H = \dfrac{1}{C_p}\left[T\left(\dfrac{\partial V}{\partial T}\right)_p - V\right]. In each case the quantity on the left-hand side is the appropriate thing to consider for a particular type of expansion. State what type of expansion each refers to. (b) Using these relations, verify that for an ideal gas (∂T/∂V)U=0(\partial T/\partial V)_U = 0 and (∂T/∂p)H=0(\partial T/\partial p)_H = 0, and that (∂T/∂V)S(\partial T/\partial V)_S leads to the familiar relation pVγ=constantpV^\gamma = \text{constant} along an isentrope.

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